Congressional Reconstruction

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan: It reflected some of the same ideas as President Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan, but was much more beneficial for the Southerners. The Johnson Reconstruction Plan was less severe with the South and pardoned any Southerner who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and/or asked for forgiveness from Johnson personally. 

Black Codes: The first order of business in these new, white-run governments was to enact the black codes, which were laws that restricted freedman's rights. The black codes established virtual slavery with some provisions.

14th Amendment: It states that anyone, black or white,  born in America was guaranteed automatic citizenship and that no state can deprive them of freedom, life, or property. Also everyone should be treated the same way, legally.

15th Amendment:  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Radical Reconstruction: They envisioned a more severe punishment and they insisted that the main goal of the Reconstruction should be a total restructuring of society to guarantee black people true equality.

Carpetbagger: The term southerners gave to northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era, between 1865 and 1877. They formed a coalition with freedmen, and scalawags in the Republican Party.

Scalawags: The nickname for Southerners who supported the Reconstruction.

The Birth of The New South

1865, the civil war finally comes to an end. After the war all the soldiers of the North and the South headed home. Soldiers often came home to destroyed homes and defeated cause. The government started a program to help rebuild the ruins and restore the Southern states to the Union, this program was known as Reconstruction. The war had destroyed two thirds of the South’s shipping industry and 9,000 miles of railroads. The war destroyed farms, farm buildings, and farm machinery, work animals, bridges, canals, and levees. The war killed about 364,000 soldiers from the North and 38,000 of which were African-Americans. The South lost 260,000 soldiers one fifth of which were adult white men. Unfortunately many of the survivors were either mentally or physically scared.

Reconstruction Plan (Lincoln):

-       A pardon was offered to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slavery.

-       It denied pardon to all the Confederate military and government officials and southerners who had kill African American war prisoners.

-       It permitted each state to hold a convention to creat a new state constitution only after 10 percent of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the Union.

-       States could then hold elections and resume full participation in the Union.

Members of the party The Radical Republicans did not agree with Lincoln’s reconstruction plan. They insisted that the main goal of the Reconstruction should be a total restructuring of society to guarantee blacks true equality. They proposed a stricter plan that Lincoln pocket vetoed. Lincoln’s plans could not be executed because John Wilkes Booth killed him on April 14^th, 1865.

After Lincoln’s death, southern vice president, Andrew Johnson became president. He had another Reconstruction Plan.

Reconstruction Plan (Johnson):

-       It pardoned who swore allegiance to the Union.

-       It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention.

-       States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt.

-       States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union.

This reconstruction plan, The Presidential Reconstruction Plan, was more generous to the south and ignored Lincoln’s 10 percent rule. Also, Johnson allowed pardon to those who asked him personally. By 1865 alone, he pardoned 13,000 southerners.

The period of reconstruction was needed in order to pardon the southerners ad make the United States of America whole again.

The Southerners faced many problems. They usually went home to ruins and dead families. The South became a region of destroyed farms, widows, and thousands of miles of destroyed railroad.

The slaves, even after their freedom, faced many problems. They had to start from nothing. They had no education, no money, no jobs, and they lived in poor states where the economy was relatively slow.

There you have it, The Birth of The New South!

 

 

Effects of War

If the war happened in your country, your crops and farms would've been most likely wiped out and buried under bodies of soldiers and unexploded land mines and shells. These shells can still be found on the battle field today. Most of the inhabitants would be dead due to the explosions and the ones who lived on are most probably traumatized. Wars can force children to leave their homes and fight for their country. Many families have been left homeless after wars have taken place in their countries. War also causes families to break because of their opposing beliefs. For example a man can be proslavery and his wife can be an antislavery abolitionist. The victorious sides of wars become stronger and united.

Many slaves attempted to run away but were killed in the process. Every year, 100,000 slaves run away. Underground Railroad (network of safe houses) helped the fugitives travel north being sheltered by house to house until their arrival to Canada. Slaves purposely sabotaged their owner’s possessions. The slave trade was abolished in DC. 1852: Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book published that painted the life of slaves. Harriet Tubman, was the most famous Underground Railroad conductor. She escaped from Maryland in 1849, and risked her freedom by returning from Canada 19 times to rescue about 300 slaves, including her parents.

Southerners
The Confederates had more advantages then the Northerners. Farming and Agriculture was a decent advantage that the Southerners had. The southerners believed in the right to hard labor meaning they had slaves cowing their crops and picking they’re corn. Also the Confederates had good economical reinforcement due to their relationship with foreign countries. Southerners had a military mentality meaning they were used to using powerful firearms to protect themselves and others. Finally, before the civil war began the united states had many weapons manufacturing factories who supplied the Confederates with arms.
Northerners
As the war began, the north had a population of 22,000,000 people (1.3 of whom were industrial workers), and the South had a population of 9,000,000 (110,000 of whom were industrial workers). Also the South’s population was occupied mainly by slaves whom were not forced to go to war. Finally the North had many Irish and several German soldiers by their sides in order to try and beat the Confederates.

U.S. Abolitionist

Frederick Douglass was a US abolitionist and writer. His full name is Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. He escaped from slavery in the year 1838 and became an antislavery lecturer. He founded an antislavery newspaper in 1847 and it collapsed in 1864; he named North Star. He published his autobiography in 1845 (it was revised in 1892) which he named, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Harriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist during the Civil War. After escaping from slavery as well, she founded thirteen missions to rescue seventy slaves using the association of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the “Underground Railroad” (a network of secret routes used by African-American slaves in the United States to escaper to Canada and the Northern states with the help of abolitionists like Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and others I know not of). William Lloyd Garrison was a US social liberal and leader for New England abolitionism. He published The Liberator in 1831 and was one of the founders of the American Antislavery Society in 1833.

Events Leading to the Civil War

- Compromise of 1850 was a package of five bills, passed in September of 1850 which neutralized a confrontation that has been going on for four years between the Southern slave states and Northern free states that came up from belief of global expansion of the US with the Texas Annexation and the American-Mexican War. It effected the civil war because it delayed it for a while by soothing the argument.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act was an act passed in 1854 creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, revoked the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed inhibitors to chose if the community they inhabited would be a proslavery or an antislavery commune. It was not problematic until popular sovereignty was written into the proposal.
- Presidential Election 1860 was a United States presidential election between Abraham Lincoln, John C Breckinridge, John Bell, and Stephen A. Douglas. Abraham L. won the election without a single vote from the Southern States. His election caused the secession, withdrawal of a federation, especially a political state, of the states of the “Deep North” from the union and their formation of the Confederate States of America.

Mazagan Beach Resort

The Mazagan Beach Resort is the newest project that opened in El-Jadida, which supposedly cost the owners three billion dirham to build in order to make it a sublime accomplishment. The Mazagan Beach Resort is a gorgeous five star hotel, which consists of restaurants, spas, an 18-hole golf course, a fabulous casino and nightclub, villas, and amazing suites. The Mazagan Hotel consists of 500 rooms and suites spread over 617 acres hectares across a beach 7 kilometers long.

Allegedly, Mazagan will bring about four million tourists per year, which will increase nearby economy because of the money the tourists will spend during their stay in Morocco. The Kerzner Group, which is the founders of the Mazagan Beach Resort, worked with Royal Air Maroc, CDG Development, Dubai World Africa, Somed, and MAMDA/MCMA.
Pictures:
http://www.mazaganbeachresort.com/nightlife/default-fr.html
Information Links:
http://www.mazaganbeachresort.com/default-fr.html

Compromise

- In what situation will compromise not work? A) Choose a non-negotiable situation that could happen in a teenager’s life. B) One international political, economic or social situation. Describe in both situations why compromise would not work or be the best pathway to follow.
A) If a teenager were to have unprotected sexual intercourse and were to produce a fetus, it would be non-negotiable to abort it. A comprise will not work because there isn’t anything a teenager could sacrifice that could make both the teenager and parent happy. B) If a leader lied to his people about something very important to their survival or growth, then the people wouldn’t be able to find a compromise where everyone would be happy unless they decided to have him killed or step down.

Life after University

When i finish university i would probably begin my life in America, possibly in New York. New York is full of great jobs and opportunities. New York is one of world's largest economic state. The museums in NYC are quite inspiring and filled with cultured Europeans and Asians. Also NYV is a very large city/state where everything is readily available. Thankfully the climate is temperate and not very far from my home, Morocco. The technology there is pretty advanced because a large portions of the world's technology comes from America. NYC is part of a political country where people have the right to wear what they like, do what they like, and believe what they like. Also by the time ill be done with college the economic crisis will hopefully be under control and the economy will be booming. It's a very social city because there are lots of places to be and many interesting people to see.

Moroccan Political Parties:

There are 5 major political parties in Morocco which are listed below:
- Independence Party:
Originally founded in the 1940s, Istiqlal held strongly nationalist views and was the main political force struggling for the independence of Morocco.
- Justice and Development Party:
The Justice and Development Party is the largest opposition political party in Morocco. It promotes Islamism and Islamic democracy.The party was founded by Dr. Abdelkrim Al Khatib.
- National Rally of Independents:
In the parliamentary election held on 27 September 2002, the party won 41 out of 325 seats. In the next parliamentary election, held on 7 September 2007, the RNI won 39 out of 325 seats.[1] The RNI was included in the government of Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi, formed on October 15, 2007.
- Socialist Union of Popular Forces:
It was originally formed as a breakaway from the UNFP, a Socialist opposition party which had itself split from the Istiqlal Party in 1959.
- Authenticity and Modernity Party:
The Authenticity and Modernity Party is a Moroccan political party founded by former interior minister Fouad Ali El Himma on 10 August 2008. It is reportedly an attempt by King Mohammed VI's allies to create a strong political party to strengthen his power in Morocco.
I think the people would support Independence Party because apparently they were the party that struggled for independence the most.

Text Book Reading PG. 89-95

Textbook Reading pg. 89-95

1) Describe the debate over the nature of government. Compare the viewpoints of Jefferson vs. Hamilton.
It didn’t end when the Americans gained a new constitution and a new government in the late 1790’s. It continued throughout and even after George Washington’s administration. In Secretary of Treasury’s, Alexander Hamilton, view the government should take an active role in directing the development of the American Economy. Jefferson believed in a local government, the administration of a particular, town, county or district, with representatives elected by those who live there. Jefferson won because he as well as his followers believed that risking too much liberty was better than to suffer from too much government.
2) What is a political party?
A political party is a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to control government policy and programs.
3) Describe John Adam’s presidency. What were some of the difficulties he faced?
He lacked the respect and appreciation that George Washington gained. He faced the difficult task in leading a young country in which party differences grew larger every day. He also faced the risk with war against France. The French were upset about Jay’s Treaty with the British and seized all American ships in French harbors. Trying to avoid a war, John Adam’s sent American officials down to France to try and reason with the revolutionary government.
4) Outline the key events of Jefferson’s presidency.
On March 8, 1801, Jefferson became the president of the United States of America. Jefferson worked with the Congress on reducing taxes and cut the size of the federal government. Also he reduced the army to about 3,000 men. Jefferson did not undo all of the Federalists’ acts. For example he let the Bank of the United States continue to function knowing that its term would be terminated in 18011. These features of Jefferson’s presidency made him an excellent President during his first term and he easily won his reelection in 1804. Jefferson had to face the Judiciary Act of 1801, which increased the number of federal judges. This angered Jefferson because he believed in choosing judges from his own party. Jefferson was leading America when Jay’s Treaty, which stated America’s peace with Great Britain, expired in 1805. Europeans were at war with each other and both British and French warships harassed American trading ships. The British also kidnapped American soldiers to serve in their navy. Jefferson did not resort to violence partially because of his small size of the American navy. He passed an act that outlawed almost all trade with foreign countries; they named it Embargo Act of 1807 because an embargo is a restriction on trade. After James Madison was elected in 1808, Jefferson retired to his home in Monticello.

Bill of Rights

Amendments:

1st. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

2nd. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

3rd. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

4th. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

5th. No person shall be held to answer for any capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

6th. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district where in the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

7th. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

8th. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

9th.The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

10th. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

I think that the most significant amendments are the first, fourth, and tenth. The first because it says that everyone should have rights and not just be treated like animals and i think that that should have been declared years before the 1790's. Next, the fourth because it protects peoples privacy as well as their comfort so no soldier can ever declare it as their military unit because of the shortage of property. Finally the tenth amendment because it states that the people as a whole have the power to decide whom they would elect as their government. 

How were the colonist able to defeat the british during the American revolution war of 1775-1781?

France beat Britain, the colonists were supplied with most of their firearms from france, France sent over thousands of soldiers. The French navy trapped Cornwallis. Prussia was annoyed at England for breaking its alliance and created a neutrality league where a number of English allies did not join the war effort. France had Spain and the Dutch helping them, so England was fighting for it survival. France bankrupted their own government doing this, England did not have enough resources to protect the 13 colonies and was more interested in preserving other parts of the empire.

Readings PG. 40-49

Outline:

Through Longfellow’s famous poem, generations of young Americans have learned about the start of this nation’s struggle for independence. The rivalry among European nations for control of North America began soon after they started to explore and colonize the continent. At the end of the French and Indian war, British colonists believed they had every right to be regarded as full-fledged citizens of a great empire. The Americans and that King George labeled “rebels” (they called themselves patriots) followed the advice of the first commandment Congress. On one level, the American Revolution was struggle for power between the American colonists and Great Britain over who rule the colonies. By the time the declaration of Independence was issued, Britain and the American colonists had been fighting for more than a year. In the end, the British lost their colonies because the Americans had the determination to outlast their rulers.  

iTunes Podcast

My podcast was called "Pardon the Interruption". I chose this podcast because when ever I watched ESPN America this show would  come on during the break to tell us about the latest news in the NBA. I found out that Dwayne Wade solidified his greatness in 2008-09 with a historically good season. But for the Heat to compete with the Eastern Conference's elite teams, Wade's teammates will have to step up their production. I also found out that the Memphis Grizzlies signed Allen Iverson as their newest Point Guard. They still spoke about many other players like Hall of Famer Michael Jordan and how Pau Gasol played very well in the EuroBasket 2009. It was hard to keep up because they spoke pretty fast.

Why Study History?

I think everyone should study history because it turns you into a more knowledgeable and cultured person which helps you be more sociable with people you meet in your life. I also think it's important because it's interesting to know who has lived where you do before you and what significant events took place and to learn about the daily lives of civilizations in the past. It affected me because i enjoy knowing how my ancestors acted and what laws they had in the Roman times. Also it interests me to know which countries fought and which were allies.

Shanghai Blogger

Hey all !

---

Hello everyone !
I'm a 14 year old Freshman student in highschool.
I'm originally from Hong Kong although i live in Shanghai and study in an American School (SAS PuDong)
Ummm, i play basketball and am very active in sports so that's one of my hobbies i guess.
This seems like a nice community and sometimes i need a place to blow off steam and just chill, this seems like the ideal place to relax after a load of homework 
I do have experience in using forums, i have participated in various gaming forums and earned the rank of moderator.
You guys all seem pretty nice and i'm sure that i'll enjoy my stay here 
Forgot to mention, i'm not that active, i usually only have 3-4 hours of free time a week.

I chose this blogger because he seamed pretty cool because we shared one very similar interet which is basketball.

Devastating Earthquake

Sep. 30, India: Up to 22,000 people were killed in 36 villages destroyed after a series of powerful earthquakes which rocked western and southern India. The first of the five tremors measured 6.4 magnitude. The epicenter was in the region where the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka meet near Latur. Two weeks after the earthquake the number of bodies recovered was just under 10,000 and officials said the true death toll may never be known.

Why did Europe ripe for exploration in the 1600's?

Members of the 1600’s discovered that the world was a sphere which made it easier for them to navigate. After the fall of the Roman Empire during the Middle Age, the rest of Europe collapsed into many little groups. During the 1600’s, societies created new boats, named caravels, that were more resistant to pressure. They also had maps, charts, and compasses to guide them through the 50 years of navigation and sailors were educated so they knew how to read and write. They also had instruments to figure out where they were on the map they used the astrolabe, the quadrant, and the cross-staff, but they had no technology that discovered longitude. Curiosity from the crusades lead them to learn about interesting culture of the east and spices for food. 

21 Century Skills

After having spoken to my parents they told me that a member of the 21st century should obtain many skills like being social because the professional environment is becoming more and more complex because competition has become very rigorous in all fields. Also one needs to be well informed because information is a key factor because the world is becoming more and more intricate and is evolving so one needs to be well informed about the latest trends in all occupations. One should also be cultivated since the modern life offers so many choices only a person with a strong cultural background will have the ability to make the adequate choices. A person should be creative as well because of the economic crises that force people to make more rational decisions.

Blogging

A couple reasons why someone would blog is that it helps one attract a broader audience and also you have fun while doing so. It also makes it easier to accomplish ones homework because it is consistently posted on Mr. Carpenter's wall which is always accessible. My last point is that blogging improves our technological level as well as increase our creativity.

My Goals

One of my main goals for this year is to make it to the basketball varsity team. I've been waiting to be in high school for about three years just so I can play for the high school boys varsity basketball team. It's a dream as well as a scholastic goal. My other major goal for this year is to have an excellent year academic wise, I would like to get used to working hard and also start off with a wonderful transcript.